Pandemic Asteroid Defense: DART Integration and Test in the time of COVID-19

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) successfully intercepted the asteroid Didymos on September 26th of 2022, potentially changing its orbital period with a deflection by kinetic impact. The spacecraft launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on November 24th, 2021. DART's Integration and Test (I&T) campaign was scheduled to commence in April of 2020 at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) in Laurel, Maryland. In March of that year, one month prior to beginning I&T, the rapid spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) forced JHU/APL to rethink how to assemble, test and deliver a spacecraft on schedule during a very challenging period of time. This paper will discuss the details of the successful I&T strategy used by the DART team during the COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent return to post-lockdown life. The team learned how to effectively meet virtually, how to integrate hardware, and how to operate the spacecraft with the least amount of people required. Communication was key in keeping the various DART team members, who were located across the country, connected and safe. The team had also moved documentation online for the first time, which turned out to be very instrumental in keeping everyone on track. A variety of tools to collaborate and document test procedures and results proved valuable for record keeping. Creative solutions were implemented during the test campaign for scheduling both remote and in person monitoring. This paper will conclude with DART lessons learned and recommendations for future I&T programs. © 2023 IEEE.

Barriers to in-Person Focus Group Participation during the Third-Year of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening in Underrepresented Groups

Objectives: In the process of conducting research to understand barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in underrepresented groups such as Blacks and Hispanics, it became evident that there were also barriers to recruitment in this population. This study assesses the challenges faced in recruitment of focus group participants regarding CRC screening practices among underrepresented groups. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative research participants have primarily been interviewed through online video or audio interactions. However, as restrictions on in-person interactions have been lifted, in-person focus groups are being increasingly considered. Method(s): The study investigators began recruitment through community health workers in August 2022, when COVID-19 vaccines were available for all adults (age>18 years). Eligible individuals were: age 45-75, Black or Hispanic, with Medicaid or no insurance, and no family history of CRC or diagnosis of certain colon-related diseases. We combined in-person and virtual recruitment strategies, including posting flyers in communities, advertising our study at health fairs, and on social media. Participants would receive a $50 gift card. Result(s): Fifty-five met the eligibility criteria among 144 respondents, and 45 subjects (29 women and 16 men) agreed to be contacted. An average of 2.5 attempts were made per eligible subject. Unfortunately, we were able to recruit only four women (3 Hispanic and one non-Hispanic black). Traveling to the research site was a barrier to participation. Many subjects (49%) requested virtual participation (online video or audio interactions);some declined because the topic was too sensitive (considered taboo), and eligible men were reluctant to participate in-person. Conclusion(s): The requirement of in-person participation affected our recruitment goals, suggesting that COVID-19 has shifted the preferences of research participants to virtual interaction. In response to the eligible participant preferences, the study protocol has been revised to re-contact patients and schedule virtual FG sessions.Copyright © 2023

Further education and mental health during the pandemic: the moral impasse of meritocracy

Since 2010, government policy in England has positioned further education almost exclusively as employment-orientated training for school leavers whilst also imposing severe budget cuts. During this period, values-based pedagogies that foreground social justice for students, many of whom come from low-income households, have been undermined. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there is evidence that the mental health and well-being of further education students has suffered but little is known about the pandemic's effects on teachers.This paper presents analysis of primary research data drawn from interviews with a small sample of further education teachers and managers in the English West Midlands about their mental health and well-being during the pandemic. The paper frames the research data by acknowledging that both mental health nursing and further education teaching are currently riven by contradictions with an epistemological basis anchored in meritocratic and neoliberal policy. Using Lefebvrian theory, our analysis suggests that for further education staff, the pandemic has sharpened the tensions experienced in an already precarious professional role. Key findings were that the further education funding regime drove a 'business as usual' management attitude during the pandemic, and an intensification of work and the erosion of pedagogical practice negatively affected staff's mental health.

Characterizing injury patterns and outcomes in hospitalized trauma patients with non-English Language Preferences.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with Non-English Language Preferences (NELP) experience challenges navigating the US healthcare system which can lead to disparate outcomes. This study sought to investigate injury patterns and outcomes in hospitalized trauma patients with NELP. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed at a trauma center from January 2019-December 2020. An institutional database of all emergency department video consultations for interpreter services was cross-referenced with the trauma registry and comparisons were made between NELP and English-preferred (EP) speaking patients. RESULTS: During the study, 257 NELP patients were hospitalized after traumatic injury. Twenty-two percent had work related injuries compared to only 3.0% in the EP cohort (p < 0.001). When propensity score matched, there were no significant differences in ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality between NELP and EP patients. DISCUSSION: Trauma patients are linguistically diverse and understanding their injury patterns and outcomes is crucial for guiding culturally and linguistically appropriate injury prevention.

Scale matters: Variations in spatial and temporal patterns of epidemic outbreaks in agent-based models

Agent-based modellers frequently make use of techniques to render simulated populations more computationally tractable on actionable timescales. Many generate a relatively small number of "representative” agents, each of which is "scaled up” to represent some larger number of individuals involved in the system being studied. The degree to which this "scaling” has implications for model forecasts is an underdeveloped field of study;in particular, there has been little known research on the spatial implications of such techniques. This work presents a case study of the impact of the simulated population size, using a model of the spread of COVID-19 among districts in Zimbabwe for the underlying system being studied. The impact of the relative scale of the population is explored in conjunction with the spatial setup, and crucial model parameters are varied to highlight where scaled down populations can be safely used and where modellers should be cautious. The results imply that in particular, different geographical dynamics of the spread of disease are associated with varying population sizes, with implications for researchers seeking to use scaled populations in their research. This article is an extension on work previously presented as part of the International Conference on Computational Science 2022 (Wise et al., 2022)[1]. © 2023 The Authors

Legal Incentives and Constraints on Innovation: Keeping the Balance

The COVID-19 pandemic forced civil society and business to face a new reality where much greater reliance needed to be placed on networked devices and internet distributed communications, including the provision of services ranging from medical advice to food, entertainment and even the facility to interact with family. The ability to meet in-person with family, friends, colleagues, business associates or customers was severely restricted leaving internationalisation as a utopian dream as borders were closed, students were denied access to a physical classrooms and businesses had to rapidly "pivot” or fail. These alternatives to real life have seemed less appealing to many, with every aspect of life "going online”, whether virtualectures, exams, meetings, mediations, court appearances, job interviews, shopping for a piece of cheese or starting a new trade relationship. Much innovation over the last two years has been around deploying online business models. There has also been a wider use of artificial intelligence to support "efficient” operations partly stimulated by the falling staffing levels due to the pandemic directly through sickness or forced isolations, or indirectly by a growing sense of the futility of working for a business, known as the Great Resignation ("Over the 12 months ending in January 2022, hires totalled 76.4 million and separations totalled 70.0 million…” indicating a huge refocusing on jobs in the USA) This paper looks at the challenge for legal systems to pivot around the growing trends in deployments of online innovation. Some businesses are now widely deploying software-based analysis systems, such as Airbnb, which is using them to "verify the identity and trustworthiness of a user of an online system” and flag potential guests who may be problematic. Although Airbnb is a multibillion-dollar business, it is a good example of how through using publicly available data, user supplied information, and smart software (artificial intelligence) a business can make predictions on the behaviour of its potential customers. Other AI resources have been creating new gaming scenarios, reporting on the news, and even creating new artworks and music. These kinds of use of AI in the marketplace have challenged the legal frameworks that support individual privacy and also ideas around human creativity. © 2022, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All right reserved.

Formation of a New Paradigm of Social Interaction: On Touching and on not Touching

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly accelerated the use of online technologies for communication, as opposed to contact involving physical presence and touch. This commentary further considers the consequences of this change in individual human terms, in everyday as well as medical situations. It is a kind of discussion paper, specially written for this journal. It develops two directions of argument, the first about the reality of embodiment, the second about figures of speech involving touch and movement, figures of speech about the actions of whole people rather than about mind (spirit) or body separately. The discussion reviews the nature of differences between communication involving physical proximity and physical distance (and electronic media), with comments on the positive and negative aspects of each. An emphasis on the significance of touch (and movement, since all touch involves movement) to people is linked to the basic aspects of the lifecycle in birth, reproduction, and death. In conclusion, the discussion emphasizes the traditional importance of touch and physical participation to people's feeling for reality. New digital forms of relations disturb this feel, with significant consequences. © Authors, 2022.

Asking for help: restaurant crowdfunding during COVID-19. (Special Issue: The impact of the covid-19 pandemic and the foodservice industries.)

The purpose of this study is to explore business crowdfunding donation campaigns in which there is no reward or incentive provided to the donor. Specifically, crowdfunding campaigns benefiting restaurants and their employees are examined in two large U.S. cities during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine whether the level of social embeddedness and the amount of social capital available to restaurants affected the amount donated. This study's findings indicate that the social embeddedness for COVID-19 restaurant donation campaigns is not related to the amount donated. There is a significant difference in donation amounts for campaigns started by the restaurant owner or an individual connected to the restaurant compared to campaigns started by GoFundMe. There is also a significant difference in the amounts of funds donated and the number of shares made for campaigns in large population cities compared to those not in large cities. Examinations of donation campaigns for the benefit of businesses provide new insight into the use of this emerging financial platform, particularly in relation to social embeddedness and social resource theory.

Modeling community COVID-19 transmission risk associated with U.S. universities.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is among the worst in recent history, resulting in excess of 520,000,000 cases and 6,200,000 deaths worldwide. The United States (U.S.) has recently surpassed 1,000,000 deaths. Individuals who are elderly and/or immunocompromised are the most susceptible to serious sequelae. Rising sentiment often implicates younger, less-vulnerable populations as primary introducers of COVID-19 to communities, particularly around colleges and universities. Adjusting for more than 32 key socio-demographic, economic, and epidemiologic variables, we (1) implemented regressions to determine the overall community-level, age-adjusted COVID-19 case and mortality rate within each American county, and (2) performed a subgroup analysis among a sample of U.S. colleges and universities to identify any significant preliminary mitigation measures implemented during the fall 2020 semester. From January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, a total of 22,385,335 cases and 374,130 deaths were reported to the CDC. Overall, counties with increasing numbers of university enrollment showed significantly lower case rates and marginal decreases in mortality rates. County-level population demographics, and not university level mitigation measures, were the most significant predictor of adjusted COVID-19 case rates. Contrary to common sentiment, our findings demonstrate that counties with high university enrollments may be more adherent to public safety measures and vaccinations, likely contributing to safer communities.

Implementation of Federalism in Nepal: The Devil is in the Detail

After a long period of instability, Nepal adopted a new Constitution in 2015, creating a multiparty federal republic. Previously Nepal had been a unitary state, albeit with a long period of political instability and insurgencies. In 2017 the two competing communist parties merged to form the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP), which operated with a 2/3rd majority in the House of Representatives. The implementation of federalism has been slow and uneven. Despite assurances to the contrary, the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been lacking, with Constitutional obligations ignored. The machinations of the then Prime Minister have exacerbated this, apparently supported by the President to overcome constitutional norms to keep the Prime Minister in power. The paper analyses the devolution of powers to the provincial and local levels described in the constitution. There have been successes and failures. There appeared to be a concerted effort from the federal parliament and some in the bureaucracy to continue to centralize power. This early inaction has hindered its response to the pandemic. Of even more concern is the then prime minister's role as he sought to maintain his hold on power by ignoring the provisions of the Constitution. © 2022, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved.

Phase 1/2 Study of Agent-797, an Allogeneic Invariant Natural Killer T (Inkt) Cell Therapy, in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Ards) Secondary to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19)

Background AgenT-797 is a novel allogeneic iNKT cell therapy demonstrating activity in malignances and serious viral infections (i.e., SARS-CoV-2). In response to inflammatory injury, iNKTs home to critical organs, including lungs, dampen proinflammatory cytokines and protect epithelial tissues. INKTs drive response through activation of innate and adaptive immunity, recruitment/trans-activation of NK, B, and T cells, and myeloid cells via contact and soluble mediators. iNKTs represent a novel and attractive potential immunotherapy for viral ARDS. This analysis presents results from an ongoing phase 1/2 study of agenT-797 in mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe ARDS secondary to COVID- 19;NCT04582201. Methods As of February 2022, patients on mechanical ventilation with confirmed moderate to severe (Berlin Definition) ARDS, secondary to COVID-19 were treated with a single infusion of agenT-797 at 100, 300, or 1000 x 106 iNKT cells. Primary endpoint was safety and secondarily, time to extubation, prevention of secondary infections, persistence and alloimmunity were evaluated. Clinical benefit was defined as improvement/resolution of viral ARDS evaluated as time to extubation and survival at 30 days post-infusion. Results Twenty evaluable patients were treated with agenT-797 with a median age of 66 years (range 26-77;85% >=65y). Patients enrolled early in pandemic (pre-vaccines) and were heavily pre-treated with remdesivir, steroids and/or tocilizumab. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Tolerability was favorable with no cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, or severe immune-related AEs. One SAE was deemed possibly related to agenT-797 (Dyspnea, Grade 4). The most frequent AEs deemed possibly related was pyrexia (grade 1;n=6). Survival was 70% (14/20) in this predominantly elderly, mechanically ventilated population. Early signals of reduction in ARDS symptoms, rapid extubation, and reduction in secondary infections were observed. AgenT-797 was detected in peripheral blood up to day 6 post-infusion, consistent with a rapid translocation from blood to tissue. Spikes in the blood during D1 and D2 showed a dose-proportional relationship, however, increased dose did not lead to prolonged peripheral persistence. Additional translational and biomarker evaluation is underway. Conclusions In patients with severe viral ARDS secondary to SARS-COV-2, agenT-797 demonstrated encouraging survival and disease mitigating benefit with a favorable tolerability profile. The deep and broad activity observed is likely attributed to iNKT cells' ability to promote viral clearance, home to the lungs, and reduce inflammation. These findings support the potential for a variant-agnostic therapy for patients with viral ARDS, a condition for which there are currently no effective therapies.

Estimating the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence at an Urban Hospital Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Novel Natural Language Processing Algorithm

The impact of COVID-19 on intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States is still relatively unknown, although some early data demonstrate that cases of IPV increased during COVID-19. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of IPV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a southeastern urban hospital. We performed a retrospective analysis of IPV encounters at a single high-volume Level I trauma hospital. IPV encounters were identified through a novel natural language processing algorithm using IPV-related words and phrases within unstructured clinical notes. IPV encounters from February to August 2019 (pre-COVID-19 period) were compared with encounters from February to August 2020 (COVID-19 period). The IPV visit rate during the COVID-19 period was higher than that during the pre-COVID-19 period (0.82% of all visits in 2020 vs. 0.72% of all visits in 2019). The number of IPV encounters for patients with no prior IPV visits was higher in 2020, whereas the number of revisits, patients with prior IPV encounters, was lower in 2020. There was an increased incidence of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic with an increase in the number of patients presenting with first time IPV encounters. Future hospital and community pandemic preparedness protocols must include expansion of screening, resource allocation, and protective policies for those in unsafe situations.

REDEFINING CARE IN TEACHER EDUCATION: Responding to Teacher Candidate Needs after COVID

This chapter explores how teacher educators can reconceptualize and reprioritize support and advocacy for teacher candidates in a post-pandemic world. Drawing from a research study that examined teacher educators’ efforts to learn from and support each other in a virtual learning community, the authors explore the assumed and expressed needs of teacher candidates as well as how teacher educators can understand and enact care during the pandemic. The authors argue for an expanded understanding of Noddings’ care framework that further promotes equity and advocacy for students at all levels. Additionally, the authors use critical reflection to deconstruct their own practice as teacher educators to consider how the lessons learned in this unique sociopolitical moment will be sustained in the future. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Melanie Shoffner and Angela W. Webb;individual chapters, the contributors.

Functional Improvement in a Post-partum Stroke Before and After Maternal Separation from Newborn Due to COVID-19 Visitation Restrictions: A Case Report

Case Diagnosis: A patient with a severe postpartum stroke showed impressive functional gains after increased visitation from newborn during her rehabilitation course. Case Description or Program Description: Patient AF presented after a complex pregnancy and partum course complicated by placental abruption, 4th degree perineal tear, pre-eclampsia with severe features and hemorrhagic shock. Postpartum she suffered a right internal carotid stroke, was given thrombolytics and developed subsequent hemorrhagic transformation resulting in L sided facial droop and severe L hemiparesis. After medical stabilization, the patient was admitted to a separate freestanding inpatient rehabilitation hospital for 3 weeks and daily physical, occupational and speech therapy. Initially COVID-19 visitation restrictions did not allow her newborn to visit more than 1 hour every other day, one week after an admission and after a medical appeal a visitation exception was granted for 5 hours daily with her newborn for the remaining 2 weeks of her stay. Her initial functional independence measure scores remained unchanged after the initial week at the rehabilitation hospital, but functional recovery in the subsequent two weeks was profoundly improved with daily contact with her newborn. Total Functional Independence Measure scores across 11 domains increased from 40/77 to 60/77 during her last two weeks of rehabilitation. Patient especially showed impressive progress in ambulatory ability, initially she was able to walk 20 ft with minimum assistance in the parallel bars and by discharge she was ambulating 200 ft moderate assistance with a single point cane. Setting(s): Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital Assessment/Results: The drastic improvement in this patient's functional status after increased contact with her newborn exemplifies the important role of the newborn in maternal stroke recovery. Discussion (relevance): The unfortunate nature of COVID-19 visitation limitations has created a unique opportunity to understand the importance of mother and newborn contact in the functional recovery from postpartum cerebrovascular accidents. Conclusion(s): Mother and newborn proximity is vital in the recovery of postpartum cerebrovascular accidents, and warrants further investigation to understand the emotional, motivational, and physiological mechanisms of neurological recovery from these injuries.

Racialized Health, COVID-19, and Religious Responses: Black Atlantic Contexts and Perspectives

Racialized Health, COVID-19, and Religious Responses: Black Atlantic Contexts and Perspectives explores black religious responses to black health concerns amidst persistent race-based health disparities and healthcare inequities. This cutting-edge edited volume provides theoretically and descriptively rich analysis of cases and contexts where race factors strongly in black health outcomes and dynamics, viewing these matters from various disciplinary and national vantage points. The volume is divided into the following four parts: Systemic and Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Black Health Ecclesial Responses to Black Health Vulnerabilities Public Education and Policy Considerations Spirituality and the Wellness of Black Minds, Bodies and Souls Part I explores ways social and cultural factors such as racial bias, religious conviction, and resource capacity have influenced and delimited black health prospects. Part II looks historically and contemporarily at denominational and ecumenical responses to collective black health emergencies in places such as Nigeria, the UK, the US, and the Caribbean. Part III focuses on public advocacy, particularly collective black health, both in terms of policy and education. The final section deals with spiritual, psychological, and theological dimensions, understandings, and pursuits of black health and wholeness. Collectively, the essays in the volume delineate analysis and action that wrestle with the multidimensional nature of black wellness and with ways broad public resources and black religious resources should be mobilized and leveraged to ensure collective black wellness. "The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license." © 2022 selection and editorial matter, R. Drew Smith, Stephanie C. Boddie, and Bertis D. English.

Introduction: Black Health, Church Responsiveness, and Transnational Metrics

This discusses the multiple ways black health prospects and outcomes are configured by the actions, inactions, and cultural capital of social institutions and leaders, including within the governmental sector, the healthcare sector, and the religious sector. Government sectors and healthcare sectors around the globe are where this scale of resources are concentrated, though in varying degrees reflective of global wealth disparities. The chapter aims to multiple ways black health prospects and outcomes are configured by the actions, inactions, and cultural capital of social institutions and leaders, including within the governmental sector, the healthcare sector, and the religious sector. Civil society leaders, including faith-sector leaders, have an important role to play in drawing attention to healthcare gaps and providing supplementary support and services in response to these gaps. A majority of the workforce in sub-Saharan Africa are involved in low-wage jobs requiring personal contact with other persons, leading to increased vulnerability to COVID exposure and infection. © 2002 Taylor and Francis.

Diabetes, Obesity, and Diabetes-Obesity Overlap Syndrome in Hospitalized Adult COVID-19 Patients: Comorbidity Dose is The Thing!

Excess risk for mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 has been linked to extant chronic conditions, especially obesity (Obes), diabetes (DM) or combination (ObesDM). We investigated dose-response interactions between Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and comorbidity ensembles including Obes, DM, ObesDM or Control. Presentation demographics, putative COVID-19 severity markers, and administrative data including ICD-10 codes to measure ECI (AHRQ, v2022.1, 0-38 categories) were extracted under IRB exemption from electronic medical records. Youden's J statistic identified ECI35 prognostic of mortality. Bootstrap Forest (BF) estimated explained variance (EV%) in mortality provided by ECI and comorbidity ensembles including Obes, DM, or ObesDM. Continuous data summarized with median [IQR] were compared using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Discrete data summarized as proportions were compared with chi-squared test. Confounders statistically balanced included age, sex, race, COVID-19 directed treatment and 4-surges of local pandemic. Significant p-value (.013) was Bonferroni corrected. Among 4,275 consecutive COVID-19 patients discharged between March 14, 2020 and September 30, 2021, there were 834 (Obes), 730 (DM), 610 (ObesDM) and 2,101 (Control). Intergroup results are reported using same sequence. Pooled age 69[56-79] years, among 45% females was distributed across Whites (78%), Blacks (10%) and other (12%) races. Additional chronic conditions exhibiting intergroup differences (p<.013) included pooled hypertension (47%, 65%, 58%, 55%), pooled kidney disease (10%, 38%, 25%, 17%), deficiency anemias (19%, 27%, 29%, 23%), chronic pulmonary disease (20%, 19%, 25%, 24%), pooled neurological disorders (14%, 22%, 23%, 23%), heart failure (12%, 21%, 26%, 14%), pooled thyroid disease (16%, 18%, 16%, 17%), coagulopathy (14%, 15%, 14%, 18%) and depression (17%, 16%, 17%, 19%). ECI was 3[2-5], 4[3-6], 5[4-7], vs 3[2-5] (p<.013). ECI accounted for 81% of EV in mortality versus comorbidity ensembles including Obes (11%), ObesDM (4%) or DM (4%). Obes, DM, ObesDM or Control patients with ECI35 vs not exhibited mortality of 25 vs 9% (p<.001), 13 vs 7% (p=.01), 22 vs 7% (p<.001) or 15 vs 6% (p=.01). Statistically equivalent inflammatory markers included CRP (8.2[4.2-13.5], 7.0[2.8-12.5], 9.6[4.8-15.2], 6.3[2.3-11.8] mg/dL, LDH (366[273-488], 322[246-429], 352[264-477], 295[222-392] U/L), ferritin (565[236-1150], 563[255-1166], 549[245-990], 435[200-931] ng/mL) and D-dimer (0.84 [0.53-1.67], 1.04[0.60-1.97], 0.89[0.50-1.78], 1.01[0.56-2.05] mg/mL. Metabolic markers exhibited intergroup differences (p<.013) including cholesterol 151[104-173], 137[104-164], 142[113-179], 143[113-178] mg/dL, triglycerides (161[109-258], 146[100-217], 179[122-252], 120[85-182] mg/dL) and serum glucose 113[101-128], 156[119-229], 158[119-229], 172[126-239] mg/dL. ICU admission was 24%, 19%, 31%, 16% with ObesDM and Obes p<.013 vs DM and control. In conclusion, we found dose of comorbidities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was more strongly associated with mortality than confounder balanced Obes, DM, or ObesDM. Further investigation is warranted to characterize subgroups with varied response to increasing polymorbidity. Interpretation caveats include monocenter retrospective study with potential unmeasured confounders.Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.